Munich is inspired by the notorious Munich massacre at the 1972 Olympics and the ensuing aftermath. Avner, deftly played by Eric Bana, was appointed by Golda Meir, the Iron Lady of Israel, the grave task of leading an unofficial death squad on a mission to take out 11 Palestinians condemned by the Mossad as the architects of Munich. Avner started off as an inexperienced assassin who had a hard time firing his handgun. Instead of growing into a surefire executor, he remained jittery and showed a glaring lack of puritanical gusto. By the end of the film, we're told he's being haunted by his deeds, probably for the rest of his life.Munich doesn't mean to be 100% faithful to history (there're serious doubts about whether the Palestinians assassinated are really the perpetrators), but it manages to re-enact with painful precision the kidnap and rescue debacles. The film is also visually compelling with a robust sense of aesthetic. The assassination sequences are great Hitchcock-esque moments and provide the required narrative urgency. However, with the Oscar looming in the horizon, the film has been showered with extensive critical accolades not for its technical excellence, but for its courage in tackling a matter of great delicacy. But is it worthy of these praises? I doubt it.
Although the story is told from the point of view of Avner, an Israeli, Spielberg has taken painstaking care to make sure the causes of both Israel and Palestine are given fair airtime. Hence Golda's defense for the unspeakable act the Israel government was about to sanction; the awkward conversations between Avner and Ali in the safe house's landing; a constant display of reluctance by Avner and his team, save Steve (played by Daniel Craig; yet another attempt to maintain the balance of ideologies, this time within the death squad); and the rationalization of terrorism by Avner's mother and his boss, Ephraim (Geoffrey Rush). The result is a very confused idea about the nature of violence, or at best, a reiteration of its futility.
Sure, violence is a self-breeding monster that eventually is going to take the avenger and the avenged nose-diving in a downward spiral to complete destruction. And it's also true that both sides in this bloody conflict have reasons strong enough to fly the flag for their own prejudices, and their violent acts have indeed put a price tag on peace. But in the course of ensuring even-handedness, violence as a means to an end is never categorically denied (expectedly, it's not reassured as well). If Spielberg hasn't meandered and wallowed like a self-doubting whiner, sweating and panting, but instead charged headlong into making a critique of violence, Munich might pack a stronger punch than it is now. In its current form, it's merely a well shot, griping thriller soaked in wimpy idealism and manufactured sentimentality (speaking of which, having Avner to bang his wife as he relives the horror of Munich is a very lousy try at that - I swear I heard people laughing in the auditorium!).
Maybe I'm overly harsh, but making a film about a conflict known for the brutalities on both sides by applauding and condemning violence at once is hardly exemplary. The filmmaker doesn't go beyond standing on the sidelines, wringing his hands, shaking his heads in regrets and dismay and telling us how ugly this world is. Thank you very much, but Mr Spielberg, what should we do about it? The scene in which Steve and one of the PLO members vied for the control of the radio and finally found middle ground in a channel broadcasting Western music, perhaps, echoes the mentality of the filmmaker - Let's give up violence and start humming candy pop-tunes like the contestants of American Idol so that the world can be one and whole again!
Spielberg is in the habit of dispensing instant catharsis (remember the ridiculous happy ending of War of the Worlds?), so people love him. Many will leave the theatre grinding their teeth at the horrors of violence, vowing their sturdy stance against bloodshed and terrorism. But they'll not lose sleep over it and will merrily go on with their lives, contented that they've already played a small part in condemning the evil. There's a saying: being a pacifist between wars is as easy as being a vegetarian between meals - It's easy because we're not keen deep in blood and guts. But no one describes the apathy and hypocrisy of our generation in a more direct and pithy manner than Jack (Joaquin Phoenix) in Terry George's excellent Hotel Rwanda, "I think if people see this footage [the ethnic cleansing of Tutsis by Hutu militia in Rwanda], they'll say Oh, my God, that's horrible. And then they'll go on eating their dinners."
Is this film daring? No, it's safer than your four-wheel drive. Does it serve the cause of weaning off bloodshed and violence? Hell no. Is it good entertainment? You bet.
1 comments:
對於電影拍攝手法與技巧,我真的沒有很高明或特別的見解,只是想起有朋友在我看《慕尼黑》前「投訴」影片太多笑位,特別是以阿夫拿為首的幾個行刺者,其殺人佈局與手法竟然錯漏百出,完全唔似以往銀幕所見的「專業」殺手,令人失笑。不過,我反而覺得這或許更合符現實吧?阿夫拿為首的幾位行刺者,沒有一位是獲專職訓練成為殺手的,我們只知阿夫拿在情報局工作(不是所有在情報局工作的人也一定殺人如煮飯吧?),其餘的人也只是各有一技之長,但不是Leon the professional那類專業殺手。所以,他們偶有雞手鴨腳或計算錯誤也不是那麼好笑吧?我常想,騎劫飛機炸毀世貿的那批恐怖份子,在過程中可能也有出過錯漏吧?我看《慕》時,沒有刻意設定mossad或巴人是flawless的殺人機器,他們也是人,而且是一班思想、性情與民族背景均很複雜的人。
當我們要deal with這種人時,非黑即白的是非對錯觀念便很難派上場,因為我們不是在判斷某一件事或某一個人的某個決定是對是錯,而是對兩個民族(再廣義一些便可說是伊斯蘭文明與西方文明)的歷史關係與恩怨作出「公平」的judgement。所以,我很認同YK所說,影片好像企圖中立與客觀,末了加一句「以暴易暴不會帶來和平」,結果導致一種流於陳腔的譴責或同情,觀眾可以高呼「terrible」、「outrageous」後繼續去吃晚飯可也。看罷影片,我只覺得身為猶太人的史匹堡可能覺得自己已「仁至義盡」,因為他「本可」痛斥民族死敵但他選擇「中立」,讓世人判斷誰是誰非。不過,在非伊斯蘭又不是西方文明的人們(例如我)眼中,這位導演未免像那些維園阿伯(史匹堡當然more educated啦),幾經計算爭取找來一個大聲公卻只說了一句「人在做天在看」,然後一臉慈祥等掌聲,在旁等著看好戲的我們能不以噓聲甚至是粗口回敬他們嗎?
所以,我想我不是希望看一齣以中立的觀點去處理一宗容不下中立立場的紛爭的電影。無疑,我頗欣賞導演處理以巴兩族人的衝突時,顯示了兩族人比較文明與理性的一面(因為他們常被西方世界depicted為非理性的恐怖份子),亦沒過份渲染兩族人對民族感情的偏執,有別於我們一向從新聞裏所認識的以巴世界,史匹堡作為一位向西方文明歸了邊的人,這樣做算是較「清醒」與「理性」的。不過,每當我想像自己是以色列人或者是巴勒斯坦人時,我便深深明白《慕》絕對是「for westerners only」--試想想,當你阿爺、阿爸、阿叔都同你講:「0向屋企樓下露宿果家人係衰人,成日想趕我地走,霸佔我地屋企,你要好好對付佢地」;然後「衰人」一家又同個仔講:「樓上果家人係賤人,佢地話觀音應承俾個單位佢地,所以趕左我地出街,你第日一定要攞番個單位,你攞唔到都要叫個孫咁做﹗」試問呢兩家人0既恩恩怨怨,又豈容一個早已脫貧住0向對面海山頂的有錢人來「阿支阿左」,差隻腳埋黎扮中立然後譴責佢地「唔應該再憎恨對方」?
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